A wave is a disturbance of a medium which transports energy through
the medium without permanently transporting matter. In a wave, particles
of the medium are temporarily displaced and then return to their
original position. There are a variety of ways to categorize waves. One
way to categorize waves is to say that there are longitudinal and
transverse waves. In a transverse wave, particles of the medium are
displaced in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy
transport. In a longitudinal wave, particles of the medium are displaced
in a direction parallel to energy transport. The animation below
depicts a longitudinal pulse in a medium.
The animation portrays a medium as a series of particles connected by
springs. As one individual particle is disturbed, it transmits the
disturbance to the next interconnected particle. This disturbance
continues to be passed on to the next particle. The result is that
energy is transported from one end of the medium to the other end of the
medium without the actual transport of matter. In this type of wave - a
longitudinal wave - the particles of the medium vibrate in a direction
parallel to the direction of energy transport.
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